Responsibilities of a sports coach Essay Example

Duties of a games mentor Paper The overseeing job of a mentor is remarkable, equivalent to every job, a chief must choose adjusted groups for instance in hockey his two headliners are the two strikers yet in the event that they are playing in that position they dont pass well together and they dont get enough help from the midfield. The mentor sees this and chooses to drop one of them once again into midfield. This functions admirably, the strikers have a help striker and a finisher, and they are showing signs of improvement administration from the midfield. On the off chance that the mentor hadnt transformed it, at that point the players needs would not be met, and it would not augment their latent capacity. The administrator must be exceptionally definitive and be a pioneer for his group, for instance, in the up-coming game the restriction are playing a 4-3-3 development, the mentor sees this and chooses to use the space on the wings and plays his side in a 4-5-1 arrangement with the wingers supporting the striker. Be that as it may, at half time they seem to have changed to a 4-5-1 themselves, the mentor guarantees his players to keep it the equivalent and they can beat them man for man. The one of a kind thing about the instructing job contrasted with the other 5 jobs is that the match day mind outline is practically similar to a round of chess, the other 5 jobs center around your own group yet the chief must be aware of the two his side and the restriction, making and neutralizing moves as per what's going on before him. We will compose a custom article test on Responsibilities of a games mentor explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Responsibilities of a games mentor explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Responsibilities of a games mentor explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Educator An instructing job of a mentor is significant on an and off the pitch, the teacher must think about what he is instructing, for instance in ball the mentor shows the players an inappropriate procedure for a bounce shot, on the off chance that the method isn't right, at that point they could harm themselves executing the move. Be that as it may if the method is correct the players can rehearse and improve boosting their own latent capacity. The teacher must not just instruct the players on the playing field, yet off it too, for instance in football the mentor has a U16s group that have recently completed a match. They are in the changing area and are looking at going out to celebrate by becoming inebriated and getting in battles, the mentor stops them and discloses to them that its not cool and extemporizes by training them about other thing they can do to celebrate. The teacher job is diverse to the others since its not just about the issues on the playing field or engaged with the game, its about way of life and expectations for everyday comforts as well. In football the scene isnt where the guide said it was, a nearby says its over the primary street so avoid potential risk each meeting to ensure all the children get across securely. In b-ball the lobby you recruited out is a large portion of the size as you suspected it was so you make changes to your course plans to change the scene to a close by facility. In rugby your setting has been twofold reserved, you need to attempt a discover another setting so you ring round all the conceivable neighborhood venues. Health and Safety In rugby your filling in for a wiped out associate, you turn up 15 minutes sooner than expected to do a fast hazard appraisal to ensure there are no threats. In football your preparation on an Astroturf and 3 of your players are wearing studs, you disclose to them they should utilize coaches or they cant since they chance injury. In hockey none of your players have the right defensive hardware for goalkeeping so you adjust your meeting into a belonging game. Equipment In tennis you are working at a school and you are told the school will flexibly gear, you bring your very own modest quantity hardware in the event of any issues that may happen. In football you have no gear the day preceding a meeting, you contact your scene and associates to counsel about getting equipment. In b-ball you have 20 children to provide food for however just 10 b-balls, you ensure your meeting plan is every one of the 1 ball between 2 related. Players Needs In rugby you have an uncommon player, you may need to cook for him/her by making the meeting harder for his degree of skill. In Tennis you have a leg amputee you may need to provide food for him/her by making the region of his/her court littler or playing against a feeble player. In football you have a player with asthma, you ensure he has his inhaler with him consistently while having or taking impact in physical movement.

Synoptic Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concise Problem - Essay Example as far as the introduction of Jesus, his life, service, passing and revival (Linnemann 43). In any case, a few people guarantee that since the three accounts are comparative, the creators more likely than not utilized each other’s accounts, or conceivable another basic source. As per Hayes (20), the likenesses in the three accounts are numerous and close including the material introduced, just as a wording of writings. Consequently, some type of abstract reliance has been expected where some accept that one writer replicated writings that were recently composed by another person. As indicated by Griesbach speculation, the authoritative request where the accounts were composed was Matthew, Luke, and Mark. Consequently, the good news of Matthew was composed first, and afterward Luke; subsequently, Luke utilized the good news of Matthew as his source to compose his gospel. This speculation endeavored to clarify the one of a kind highlights of the good news of Luke and why the gospel was composed. Additionally, this theory expresses that Mark utilized both Matthew, just as Luke as hotspots for his own gospel. Luke was an accomplished man whose essential language was Greek, yet in addition contemplated Latin and could talk very well. Therefore, Luke had the option to get a duplicate of Mark’s gospel in Latin, which clarifies the similitude between Mark’s accounts and Luke’s gospel. Nonetheless, there are some minor understandings of about 6% among Matthew and Luke that are not found in Mark, which shows that they didn't come into Luke’s Gospel through Mark (Linnemann 45). The Griesbach speculation is an answer for the concise issue where the good news of Matthew was composed first, and Luke utilized it to compose his gospel. Luke is said to have destroyed assortments of periscopes from Matthew and put some of them in different settings. This shows, since Matthew was the primary gospel, Luke obtained some material from him, which Mark didn't utilize (Hayes 22). How Luke utilized Matthew as a hotspot for

The Urban Life Profile and the Issue of Asthma in the Case of Lewisham Research Paper

The Urban Life Profile and the Issue of Asthma in the Case of Lewisham Research Paper The Urban Life Profile and the Issue of Asthma in the Case of Lewisham as the Urban Context â€" Research Paper Example > The paper “ The Urban Life Profile and the Issue of Asthma in the Case of Lewisham as the Urban Context” is a motivating example of a research paper on health sciences medicine. Urban health refers to the study of the health of the urban populations while considering two aspects in urban health inquiry concerning the description of the urban population as a whole or as subgroups. In addition, there is a need for an assessment of understanding of the determinants of population health in cities. One of the primary importance of urban health is the growing significance of cities across the globe since more and more persons are now living in cities. Secondly, there is an improved understanding of the context in public health matters with the intention of shaping the population health. The objective of urban health is to offer new thinking while refocusing on public health on upstream or horizontal rather than the vertical and downstream approaches (Chatterjee, 2014). The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of asthma in the case of Lewisham as the urban context. This is through presentation and illustration of an account of the data and information in accordance with the data collection under the influence of observation. The study will focus on the utilization of the data collected during a visitation of the urban area with reference to 10th December 2014, 15th January 2015, and 2nd February 2015. Demographic AnalysisIn the course of addressing this research objective, the study will focus on the urban health conditions of Lewisham, which is an inner-city district in South East London, England. The area is one of the 35 major centers in Greater London. The purpose of the Lewisham London Borough Council is to incorporate an effective development plan with the intention of improving the center into becoming a metropolitan center while rivaling other inner cities such as Bromley, Croydon, and Kingston upon the Thames (Cave, Cooke, and Benson, 2004). Lewisham is one of the largest commercial areas within the context of South East London. The city tends to have numerous buildings and structures, which operate as administrative centers, business outlets, shopping centers, educational institutions, and healthcare platforms. In addition, the area focuses on the exploitation of quality and extensive transportation systems, which relates to tubes, rail, DLR, and buses to enable the ur ban dwellers to handle their needs and expectations. From this perspective, the settlement within the city is densely populated. It is critical to note that the types of houses, structures, buses, busy roads, and poor social amenities have been ideal in the generation of urban health issue (Rodgers, 2013). One of the reasons for the selection of Lewisham in the development of this report is its accessibility and qualification of being a city. In addition, it is easier to move from one location to another within the city while recording substantial data concerning the urban health issue. RationaleThere continue to be urgent calls for the council to tackle air quality in Lewisham after the city frequently ranked as one of the worst three London boroughs of air pollution-related deaths in accordance with the new statistics. Some of the main causes of deaths linked with air pollution in London include asthma, heart attack, lung cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, and dementia with reference to the data from the Office for National Statistics (National Association of County and City Health Officials, 2007). According to the findings of the study commissioned by campaign group clean air in London, Lewisham appeared fourteen times as one of the worst three boroughs in relation to the top ten causes of death for the assessment between 2010 and 2012 (Rodgers, 2013). From this perspective, air pollution is one of the major causes of asthma, which makes it ideal for the assessment in this research study as one of the critical urban health issues. These attributes are vital in the understanding and interpretation of the issue of asthma in the case of Lewisham. One of the deadly health issues in the United Kingdom is asthma. For instance, more than one million children suffer from asthma in the case of the United Kingdom. This data incorporates cases of asthma in Lewisham. The United Kingdom has one of the highest prevalence rates of asthma symptoms among children across the globe (McMichael, Montgomery, Costello, 2012). This makes it ideal for the research process to study and examine prevention strategies with reference to the case of Lewisham.

What Drives a Man - 1606 Words

What Drives A Man What makes a successful man? This, in itself, is a culture bound question because it can vary from culture to culture. However, in the perception of Okonkwo, the main character in Chinua Achebe s novel, Things Fall Apart, the measure of a man s success is based on two elements, material acquisition and growth, and physical prowess. This is ironic for Okonkwo since his people s typical idea of success seems to be constructed of a complex, strong spiritual culture, seemingly able to deal in traditional ways with any challenge in nature and human experience. (Ravenscroft 9) Although Okonkwo is undoubtedly an important member of Umuofian society, he is not a typical representative of that society. (Taiwo 115) It†¦show more content†¦(Ravenscroft 9) Since Okonkwo is a tragic hero, he must have a tragic flaw. This flaw comes on two levels. The first of which is his fetish with war, fighting, and conquering. Okonkwo constantly must be engaged in some activity, and like a typical Star Trek Klingon, this is physical exertion or combat. For Okonkwo, the desire to conquer and subdue is described as being, ...like the desire for woman . (Achebe 30) He possessed a one-track mind that was f ocused on nothing, save success. His second tragic flaw is that he can show no other emotion, except anger. He never shows his fondness for the young hostage, Ikemefuna, who eventually regards Okonkwo as his father. Inside, Okonkwo wishes that Ikemefuna was his natural son instead of Nwoye. It is also his flaw that causes him to beat his wife during the weak of peace for, ...killing this banana tree. (Achebe 27) His anger almost causes him to kill his second wife with a gun. He feels very sorry for this, but cannot show his true emotions. The tantamount example of this is when the Oracle of the Hill deems that Ikemefuma must die, but not by Okonkwo s hand, since he calls him father. As the man who had cleared his throat drew up and raised his matchet, Okonkwo looked away. He heard the blow. The pot fell and broke in the sand. He heard Ikemefuna cry, ‘ My father, they have killed me! as he ran towards him.Show MoreRelatedThe Role Of Art On The Aesthetic Education Of Man By Frederik Schiller1508 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout time. Frederik Schiller (1795-1805), in his â€Å"Letters On the Aesthetic Education of Man† develops the theory of the drives to explain the fragmentation of the human being and places art in a reconciliatory role between man’s personal nature and the community. The present essay will discuss in some detail Schiller’s theory of the drives, placing the main focus on the role and importance of the play-drive in human life, to finally discuss the features in Schiller’s theory of play that help elucidateRead MoreAnalysis Of David Lynch s Mulholland Drive 1367 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first to make surrealism popular. Through his critically acclaimed films like Elephant Man, Eraser Head and Blue Velvet, he earned his title as the first to make surrealism popular. Like any surreal ist worth his salt, Lynch creates his own version of reality, with its own set of often unfathomable and inexplicably, but emotionally and psychologically resonant qualities. In his 2001 film, Mulholland Drive, a mystery film that tells the story of an aspiring actress named Betty, newly arrived in  LosRead MoreWhy Edison Was A Driven Man Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagessupernatural man when he harnessed the power of electricity. Today, some know him as the remarkable inventor who literally took us from a world of darkness to a world of light. Others know him simply as the man who gave us the device we all take for granted, the light bulb. Yet, as a society we often forget or at least underestimate the amount of hard work, perseverance, and drive it took for Edison to accomplish so many of the things we now take for granted. In fact, Edison was such a driven man that theRead MoreA Text That Lasts Forever Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesway and today was going to be a sunny, hot da y in Texas. As we drove to work we were discussing meetings we each had for the day and the workload that awaited us upon our arrival. We talked about the not so important yet pressing matters such as what we would have for dinner and if our schedules would allow us to meet for lunch. We had turned onto East Lancaster and were headed east, less than a mile from work, when things began to change. Traffic was moving a little slower than the posted speedRead MoreD.H. Lawrence: Critique of Social Practices (References Snake, the North Country, and the Triumph of the Machine)1484 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrialisation. The use of symbolism, metaphor and repetition in The North Country illustrate Lawrence’s disapproval of a society that worships technology. The Triumph of the Machine challenges the attitude that machinery should be allowed to take the place of what is natural. The imagery used within Triumph condemns the practice of rejecting nature. The use of techniques such as extended m etaphor, pathetic fallacy and symbolism helps to convey Lawrence’s criticisms of various social practices, attitudes andRead MorePatricio Acosta Essay #3 April 15 2014 Are You a Doctor? The story named â€Å"Are you a Doctor† by900 Words   |  4 PagesPatricio Acosta Essay #3 April 15 2014 Are You a Doctor? The story named â€Å"Are you a Doctor† by Raymond Carver is a very short yet interesting story. This story is about a man, Arnold Breit, who receives a phone called from a mistaken user. The woman that called Arnold, Clara Holt, was trying to reach someone else but the number she dialed was the wrong number. After a couple minutes of small talk and superficial conversations, the woman got the courage to ask the Arnold to come over to herRead More Humanities’ Irrational and its Effects on a Utopian Society1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe human psyche is divided into rational and irrational drives. Courtesy of Sigmund Freud, it is divided into the id, ego, and super-ego. According to Freud, although the super-ego controls the other two to present ourselves in a rational state within society, the id often tends to be out of complete control by the conscious, making it an unconscious action. For Freud, it’s the recognition that the irrational is there, that it must b e controlled to take over. Man’s aggressive nature does tend toRead MoreCommon Attributes of Peter Careys Short Stories Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesinteraction of both forms. The quality of entrapment seen throughout Crabs, Peeling and A Fat Man in History relies on lies. In Crabs, the main character and his girlfriend become â€Å"stranded† at the drive in after their car parts have been stolen and the manager of the drive in tells them there is no way that they can leave, in effect lying to them. The same form of lying is adopted by Florence Nightingale in A Fat Man in History, as she makes them believe that they really can’t do anything to escape theirRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison And Gorilla My Love By Toni Bambara1320 Words   |  6 PagesClearness of Vision and of Life In both Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and Gorilla My Love by Toni Bambara, the description of the main character s vision symbolizes the character’s conceptualization of their future. Both of these stories’ main characters start with clear vision and a clear sense of their futures. In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the narrator is tasked with the responsibility of driving Mr. Norton around; at the beginning of the drive, the narrator intently listens to Mr. Norton’sRead MoreKey Reasons For Having A Computer Network Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesnetwork is large enough and lets you access a large number of computers, it becomes even more useful. You can share a modem, printers, storage space and DVD drives with the other computers on the network. You can video conference with the other people using the network or you can work together on a complex task with your connected systems. What are the main reasons for having a computer network? Setting up a network is a good way to get more use out of your computers and peripherals, particularly

Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Blind Obedience...

Blind Obedience Exposed in The Lottery The annual ritualistic stoning of a villager in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery parallels tradition in American culture. This paper will inform the reader of the effect tradition has on characters in the short story The Lottery and how traditions still strongly influence peoples lives in america. Christian weddings hold many traditions and superstitions that seemingly defy logic. Although most couples no longer have arranged marriages or dowries, fathers still give their daughters away during the services. The bride and groom do not see each other before the ceremony, fearing that bad luck might come their way. A friend scolded me because I had originally planned†¦show more content†¦Even though modern soldiers do not wear suits of armor, part of the knightly ritual still exists. Using the box as a symbol, Jackson shows how parts of traditions are sometimes lost over time by handing down information, beliefs, and customs from one generation to the next. Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original box, they still remembered to use stones to kill the forgetful woman (Jackson 322). Not only do people use bits and pieces of tradition; sometimes the meaning or purpose of a tradition is lost altogether. In carrying out the lottery, the people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions (Jackson 319). The villagers do not remember why the lottery first took place and now merely act it out through repetition. They remember some aspects of the ritual but are not definite about how accurate their memories are. Some think that the lottery official should stand a certain way when he sings the chant, and others that he should walk among the people (Jackson 317). A good example of this in our society is Thanksgiving. Today people celebrate the Thanksgiving holiday much differently than they did 400 years ago. When the Pilgrims approached the second year in America and after much suffering, they had a very successful and plentiful fall harvest. They were

What is Literature Free Essays

Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work, and is not confined to published sources (although, under some circumstances, unpublished sources can also be exempt). The word literature literally means â€Å"things made from letters† and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to signify â€Å"literature,† as in the figures of speech â€Å"arts and letters† and â€Å"man of letters. † The four major classifications of literature are poetry, prose, fiction, and non-fiction. We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿What is Literature? or any similar topic only for you Order Now What in Philippine Literature? Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages. As a Filipino, What is the importance of Literature? Literature serves as an enormous information base. Research works by famous inventors and literary works by notable scientists often narrate stories of their groundbreaking discoveries and inferences. Ongoing developments in the fields of science and technology are documented so that the world can know about them. Several ancient scriptures relating stories of human evolution and narratives of human life in those times, have been of tremendous help to mankind. Thus, literature has always served as an authentic source of information from all around the world. What environmental education goals and features? Philippines is not an exemption in letting us feel the harsh realities of these environmental threats and challenges. With all the ever increasing demands created by the environmental problems accompanied by social, political and technological changes happening, the education sector is faced with challenges and is expected to initiate changes in the curriculum and give more attention to environmental education. The curriculum should be geared towards the provision of knowledge, skills and values that will help the learners cope and adapt to these changes. The goal of environmental education is to develop an environmentally literate and responsible citizenry who will ensure the protection and the improvement of the environment, and bring about sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency in the use of the country’s natural resources. Because of the existing environmental problems we are into and the thrust for sustainability, the protection and improvement of the environment have become imperative educational goals. It is also envisioned that within the next decade, a great majority of Filipinos will be imbued with a sense of responsibility to care for, protect for, and enhance environmental quality that is conducive to their wellbeing and supportive of the nation’s economic development. How to cite ï » ¿What is Literature?, Papers

SWOT Analysis IT Infrustructure Management

Question: Describe about the SWOT Analysis for IT Infrustructure Management. Answer: The SWOT analysis is a method of analyzing a business for each of its services, products and market when there is a need to decide on the most effective way of achieving future development. The SWOT analysis process includes identification of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the business. Overally, SWOT analysis has a purpose of examining the external as well as internal determinants that assist or prohibit organizations from realizing their goals. Organizations use the SWOT analysis to brainstorm and stay focused on the key asspects of the objectives. SWOT analysis is also used when there is a need of gathering information from various viewpoints or it may be utilized for strategic benefits by either converting threats to strengths and weaknesses to opportunities or by matching strengths to opportunities. SWOT analysis plays a significant role in making uncommon and non-conformist concerns to brought up and discussed. It also plays a significant role in coming up with a way of finding solutions when it is used in the process. However, it is significant to be aware of its disadvantages as well. Some evident limitations include; the risks of oversimplifying matters, the fact that personal interests can inhibit threats and weaknesses from being taken into consideration, and the risk of overloading information since there are no limits as to what information is relevant or not relevant. SWOT Template Organisation: Charles Sturt UniversityDate: Description ofcurrent/newICT service: A platform of a movable optimized to all the members of Charles Sturt University including students, proffessors and other staff members to get in touch with the services offered at the university through their tablets, smartphones and the rest of movable appliances. Making this application more fruitful requires that the university seeks to come up with a form of an interface of a mobile application that will act as an entry point to learning support, collaboration, training and professional development for all the members of the university who will come in contact with it both in and off campus (Charles Sturt University, 2011). STRENGTHS The university is known for leading in innovation and distance learning. The university already has an extensive mobile infrastructure. The members of staff are active participants in researching innovations of mLearning and other best practices. A great number Charles Sturt University students and other staff members are used to web as their source of learning and are therefore better off to adopt as compared to members of other institutions. The library of the Charles Sturt University has already come up with its own mobile application. WEAKNESSES The systems of online information of the university are becoming convoluted and aging since the institution has been working on this arena for a long period of time. Because of this, finding the right portal among the different many portals confuses students. The university has no enough IT experts. They may not be able to devote a team of personnel to specifically deal with the development of the new system of information. Though many students can access mobile devices, the university still does not have enough equipment to aid the available methods of obtaining knowledge via technologies of mobile. Therefore, the university still depends on third parties like Vimeo and YouTube whenever there is a need to upload content. Extensive application of these devices in the university for errands users may have ended on laptops and desktops places pressure on the wireless network of the university. This might cause delays and hence force the institution to bring in ore capacity. The university will need to train more people to work as experts in the information system. OPPORTUNITIES The market of computing is fast adopting mobile computing and most students now prefer mobile computing to desktops or laptops computing. Mobile devices increase the outlook of more activities involving learning and assessment especially for distance learning students. There is an increased number of people using mobile phone for collection of data. Mobile devices make it easy for students to engage in group discussions through teleconferencing. The upcoming trend of BYOD will make most people prefer using their own devices thus saving the university the amount it would have spent on purchasing related equipment. THREATS Since innovation is happening at a very fast rate, it is not easy to anticipate what device the students will use next and whether the device will be interoperable with the available ones. If the university intergrates apps and services by other organizations like database aggregators into the platform, the university will have to adjust with the changes the vendors will be making on their apps. External apps like Vimeo cannot guarantee user privcy. Competition in distance education from universities that are oversease as well as those within Australia puts pressure on the university to have interfaces of high quality. Summary and Recommendations: Though it is advantageous, mobility also offers a lot of challenges to institutions all over the world. For a long time now, the Charles Sturt University has been keenly observing the impact of mLearning project on education. Because Charles Sturt University is the biggest institution that provides distance learning in Australia, it should take up the opportunities that come with the rampant marketing of mobile computing and the availability of the more engaging and flexible interfaces that are being developed for mobile device users. Through the establishment of a mobile-optimised platform as the only point of entering the resources and services of the university and by availing that platform as a mobile application, Charles Sturt University can realize its goals of making its position stronger as a leader of learning full of flexibility and relaying information in a specific focus on professional education. Short Term (Now) There will be a preliminary survey and investigation will comprise of the staff from several departments of the institution and especially the department of student education, information technology and library so as to make sure that the project will not be interfered with and will offer support to the entire university just as laid out in the university long-term objectives. Identification of the functionalities and generic abilities for education are the main concern in the beginning of the project (Charles Sturt University, 2011). These, as well, should be the priorities of the mobile interface and the application to operate together with the information technology experts to steady the delivery of the rich media to the devices of the mobile accessing the website and the network so as to stimulate and promote awareness of the available Charles Sturt University mobile applications. Mid Term (next 12 months) In the next 12 months, the strategy of implementation grows into numerous plans, negotiation and tendering procedures and studies of user capability. After both the students and staff members have taken the first survey, the enterprise architect in charge of the project will have to carry out an investigation on the offerings of different sellers and the kind of assistance they can offer to the first execution and thus provide the way the system will be maintained in the entire lifetime (Charles Sturt University, 2011). Long Term (next 3 to 5 years) The office of the Enterprise Architecture and Laison of the university is committed to offer lifetime service. In the coming three to five years, the staff members will launch a periodic review of the service to give the assessment of its alignment with the strategic objectives in the plan of the educational technology. This means that the effectiveness of the university governance of wide IT in the maintenance of consistent storage of data and utilization policies throughout the depatments will decide the success of the project (Charles Sturt University, 2011). B. Social Meadia Abstract This section gives a brief overview on how social media evolved and developed, looks into how social media affect the interaction of people online and puts into consideration the potential impact social media can have on the way people interact. Social media has come a long way. And now it has reached a point where almost everyone is on at least one social media platform. The effect of social media is evident on the society today, ranging from the way people interact to the way people transact business. It has an effect in political, economic and social lives of people. Introduction The Internet has altered so many things on the way people handle their activities. Apart from changing the way people purchase music, do school project research and prepare for vacations, it has also affected social interactions among people in the society (Van Dijck, 2013). Social media can enable people to share videos, photos and exchange news from one part of the world to the other. It is also possible for people to share their thoughts on social media platforms such as blogs, Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram. Social media also provides an opportunity for individuals, companies, governments, organizations and members of a particular group to interact with each other when they are geographically far from each other. Due to the fact thet there is an increase in the number of online activities, there is a concern on how to collect and analyze the information shared by the social media users. What are Social Media? Social media refers to the services that are Internet-based and mobile-based that enable users to take part in online exchanges, become part of online group or share content with others. Blogs, wikis, social bookmarking, social network sites and status-update services are some of the most common Internet services commonly linked with social media (Van Dijck, 2013). The term blogs is short form for web blog. It refers to an online journal where pages are normally shown in opposite sequential pattern. Websites such as Wordpress, Blogger and Tumblr always offer free hosting to blogs. Wikis refer to a collection of websites where any member has permission to adjust any page or bring in a new page using their web browser. Wikipedia is a good example of wiki. Social Bookmarking are sites that enable users to prepare and share links on websites. Digg, StumbleUpon and redditt are examples (Tufekci Wilson, 2012). Social network sites are defined as services based on web that enable users to come up with a profile that is either public or semi public within a system that is bounded (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). Status-update services enable people to see updates shared by others and to also share their own updates. A good example is Twitter. Social Media Evolution The Internet grew in popularity in the late 1990s. Websites that enabled people to come up with and share content started to appear. In 1997, the first network site known as SixDegrees.com appeared (Gil de Ziga, Jung Valenzuela, 2012). Very many ntwork sites were started from 2002. Social media had become integrated amongst the people in the late 2000s. For instance by 2012 November, Facebook already had a total of 1 billion users across the world. And Twitter announced that its users had hit 517 million by 2012 July (Gerbaudo, 2012). Several factors have led to this rapid increase in social media use (Couldry, 2012). Some of the factors that might have led to this include; the availability of broadband, improved software tools, and the coming up of more powerful computers and sophisticated mobile devices. Other factors that might have contributed as Laroche, Habibi Richard (2013) note include social factors such as the increased social media use by the youths. Economic determinants like affordability have also played part in this. Attributes of Social Media Through social media, people have found out ways of discussion and collaboration online. One way is through persistence. This is because content uploaded online can stay there for a long perioed of time. It also has replicability since it allows copying and sharing content online. Another important attribute is accessibility since anyone at any place can use it provided he or she has an Internet connection (Dabbagh Kitsantas, 2012). These characteristics shape the way social ineraction takes place online. For instance because both the reader and the writer are not visible to one another, questions can be raised about the comprehensibility or the appropriateness of the communication (Dabbagh Kitsantas, 2012). Also, the motives and the intentions of those who post content remains unclear. The Impact of Social Media How does social media affect its users? As Couldry (2012) explains, social media has affected people in different ways. For instance, there has been a claim that social media has made some people become indoors. Others also think that social media gives an opportunity to people who are afraid of interacting with others the ability to freely interact with people (Boyd, 2014). In addition to social impact, social media has also had economic impact with respect to the ways of conent creation. People create content, write useful information which they sell through social media and thus earn a living to raise their standards of living. Also, many organizations are incorporating social media into their strategies of marketing. This makes them reach wide audience thau increase their sales. For politicians and musicians, social media presents new ways of engaging with supporters (Aral, Dellarocas Godes, 2013). Conclusion For most people, social media is a way through which people connect with friends and relatives. It also enables politicians, celebrities and organizations to reach many people at the same time. Social media also allow people to share personal information with each other, though it is not clear the extent through which this happens. More and more social media platforms are currently being invented and it is evident that people are going to witness more development as far as social media is concerned. Reference Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issue-social media and business transformation: A framework for research. Information Systems Research, 24(1), 3-13. Boyd, D. (2014). It's complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Pres Charles Sturt University. (2011). CSU educational technology plan, 2011-2013. Couldry, N. (2012). Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Polity.Duggan, M., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A., Madden, M. (2015). Social media update 2014. Pew Research Center, 9. Dabbagh, N., Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and higher education, 15(1), 3-8. Gerbaudo, P. (2012). Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press. Gil de Ziga, H., Jung, N., Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals' social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mediated Communication, 17(3), 319-336. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?. International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), 76-82. Tufekci, Z., Wilson, C. (2012). Social media and the decision to participate in political protest: Observations from Tahrir Square. Journal of Communication, 62(2), 363-379. Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press.

Sherlock Holmes Essays - Sherlock Holmes, Fictional Detectives

Sherlock Holmes The Man with the Twisted Lip By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle In this short story, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Mr. Neville St. Clair has been kidnapped. His wife is in town one day and she sees him hanging outside of a window. As she looks up at him, he lets out a scream and is yanked back into the room from where he stands. She is very concerned about seeing her husband in this situation and thinks that he is in trouble. She runs to the entrance of the building that she saw him standing in and she tries to get upstairs to where he is and help him. She is stopped by the doorman and not allowed access to the upstairs. Once the police get to the scene, they barge into the upstairs area and discover that Mr. Neville St. Clair is not in the room. The only person in the room is a beggar man named Hugh Boone. Everyone is familiar with Boone because he sits in the city and begs for a living. The police demand an explanation on where St. Clair is and there is not one given by Boone or the doorman. On the backside of the building there was a body of water that at high tide came up to the bottom of the lone window in the room. Traces of blood were found on the window seal of this window and drops of blood on the floor. The clothing of St. Clair was found in the corner of the room and his coat was found in the water at the bottom of the window. The assumption was made that Boone killed St. Clair and the body was disposed of in the water. The police detained Boone but the body was not found. Sherlock Holmes was interested in finding the body. Holmes, along with Watson, went to the St. Clair home and interviewed Mrs. St. Clair. Holmes admitted to Mrs. St. Clair that the he thought her husband might still be living. She agreed with great anticipation and told her that the most startling thing had happened to her that day. It was three days since the disappearance of her husband and she had received a letter dated AFTER her husbands disappearance. Holmes asked to see the letter so he could examine it. He asked Mrs. St. Clair whether or not she was sure this was her husband's writing. She was sure that the writing was his. Holmes also noticed that the letter had a dirty thumb print on it. Surely this was proof that Boone, the beggar, had done the crime. He could not explain how the letter was dated after the fact in her husbands handwriting. The content of the letter was simple. Mr. St. Clair's short note assured his wife that he would be home and there was a mix up that needed correcting before he returned. Holmes and Watson decided to stay the night at the St. Clair home and head back for the crime scene in the morning. That night Holmes thought on the situation and started to make conclusions. Upon their return to the city, Holmes and Watson went to the jail to speak with the beggar man Boone. When they got there, the chief told them that they were having the hardest time getting the beggar man to bathe. They had tried and tried to no avail. When Holmes and Watson looked at Boone they did not see a pretty sight. He was dirty from head to toe and he had a hideous looking scar on his face that made his lip curl up on the edge and expose his teeth. He also had a bad cut on his hand that was starting to heal. The chief commented that the beggar man had still not given any information on the disappearance of St. Clair. Holmes looked upon the beggar for a while as the beggar slept and then did something interesting. He took a wet sponge and went and scrubbed the face of the beggar. The make-up and the plaster dissolved and the true identity of the beggar was revealed he in fact was St. Clair. Holmes had surprised the

Matewan and Harlan County USA

Matewan and Harlan County USA Matewan ‘Matewan’ is an American drama film by John Sayles that narrates a story of the events of struggle to unionize the West Virginia coal-minors in 1920s. According to Sayles, the Stone Mountain Coal company was the only dominant company in the Western Virginia in the 1920s. Sayles (1987) notes that the Stone Mountain was the only mining company in the region at the time an advantage it used to monopolize every mining business opportunity in the region.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Matewan and Harlan County USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This monopoly forced miners into bondage contract with the company since they had no alternative with regard to employment. In addition, since workers had no alternative place to seek employment, it became easy for the Coal Company to oppress workers by offering low pay and making them work under poor conditions. To make matters worse, employees d id not even know their employers who did not even bother to show up in the company. Instead, company representatives took of every responsibility of supervising their work. Nonetheless, Sayles reveals that the representatives remained excessively oppressive as they used intimidation to force workers to deliver what they wanted (Sayles, 1987). Sayles noted that apart from threats from company representatives, miners took home petty remuneration with no complaints. In addition, the Coal Company restricted workers freedom as consumers in, which miners had to buy everything from the company from food to clothes. Equally, the management team forced workers to buy tools from the company to ensure that all the money they obtained circulated back to the company. Further, the Coal Company in most cases charged workers higher prices for their purchases than normal market charges (Sayles, 1987). Therefore, growing intolerant of the hash and unjust rules, the miners decided to strike against th e company. Strike motivation aimed at forcing the Coal Company to offer better working conditions. However, in order to drive their agenda, the miners found it prudent to unionize in order to form a stronger presence and opposition against the Coal Company. This is because the miners felt that it was only through union that they could mount a strong and formidable opposition to force the company to recognize their rights (Sayles, 1987). Harlan County USA ‘The film Harlan County USA’ dramatizes a coal miner’s strike at the Brookside mine in Harlan County, Kentucky. According to the film director, the Brookside mine belongs to a private owner run under the Eastover Mining Company.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike in Matewan, where workers found motivation to form a union to enable them push their agenda, Harlan County’s work ers already belonged to a union called the Southern Labor Union. The union drew membership from the entire Eastern Kentucky to propagate the plight of the workers before company authorities (Kopple, 1976). The documentary reveals that workers of Brookside mining company felt unhappy with the working condition at the mining site as observed in Matewan. This is because, despite doing a lot of hard work, they received extremely low salaries compared to what their unionized counterparts got. Kopple (1976) reveals that these workers received a salary ranging from $17 to $32 per day, which was way below the $45 that their counterparts got. In addition, the company had not assured them of safety as several injuries used to occur, estimated at three times above the national average. Therefore, they opted to strike demanding the right to form their own safety committee elected by the union members. They also wanted their salary increased to $45 per day as received among their counterparts. I n addition, the miners wanted the company to pay the standard UMW rate of 75 cents for every ton, remitted directly to their medical and retirement benefits (Kopple, 1976). The two films also share many similarities with regard to worker motivation and sustenance of morale in the mining industry depicted in US history (Blanchflower and Freeman, 2001). As witnessed in both films, workers unionize in order to form a formidable force to push for the recognition of workers’ rights. However, the two films differ in the sense that whereas the Matewan workers struggle to unionize, Eastover readily allowed workers’ union. Despite unionized approach, workers in Eastover still fight for their rights seemingly violated by the company in breach of union terms. References Blanchflower, D. D., Freeman, R. B. (2001). Unionism in the United States and other advanced OECD countries, Retrieved from dartmouth.edu/~blnchflr/papers/indrel.pdfAdvertising We will write a custom crit ical writing sample on Matewan and Harlan County USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kopple, B. (Executive Producer). (1976). Harlan County USA (YouTube). Bigboogertz. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCiVMngILEI Sayles, J. (Executive Producer). (1987). Matewan-The Union (YouTube). DukatSG1. Web.

Supply Chain Case Problem Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply Chain Problem - Case Study Example method, the assumption is that the trend that has been occuring in the past will continue even in the other years to come, that is, the demand patterns that have previously occurred over time will continue to do so (Operations Management: Creating Value along the Supply Chain, 2012). The main focus in this method is Time. Time series methods consist of moving average, linear trend line and exponential smoothing. In this case problem the time series method that would be used for bookstore management is moving average (Operations Management: Creating Value along the Supply Chain, 2012). Therefore, using the historical data provided, the forecast from the excel auto forecast is 592.3186813 units. The moving average method is easy to use and understand though one cannot use it to forecast automatically using excel. The accuracy of moving average is distinct therefore it can be relied upon by organizations for their various operational planning processes . Since there are various forecasting methods, incase one type of the method doesn’t provide precise information, then it is advisable that one tries various forecasting methods until the accurate forecast is obtained . There are other forecast methods that can be used with the historical data for the bookstore management. For instance, linear trend lines and exponential smoothing can also be used since they are popular for short range, somewhat easy to employ and comprehend . It should be noted that when forecasting methods are first initiated to individuals, the lack of forecast preciseness comes as a surprise or disappointment to the individuals (Operations Management: Creating Value along the Supply Chain, 2012). Therefore, with more learning and experience, one is able to know that forecasting is not simple and does not provide precise information though with the increase in knowledge and skill, companies that are able to have more defined forecasts have an added advantage agaist their competitors

Introduction & corporate level strategy of Cable&Wireless Assignment

Introduction & corporate level strategy of Cable&Wireless Communication company - Assignment Example ive to mention that critical analysis of CWC will be majorly based on the annual reports and financial statement of the company due to lack of sufficient, updated and reliable alternative sources of information on the internet. According to CWC (2015b) Cable and Wireless Communications (CWC) is a British company founded in 1866 under the name Cable and Wireless Cable plc. In 2010, Cable and Wireless Plc demerged into the Cable and Wireless Communications and Cable and Wireless Worldwide Plc. The company operates as a Telecommunication Company offering mobile, broadband and fixed-line services in the Caribbean and Latin American States. The company has been identified as a mobile services market leader in 10 out of 15 countries, broadband leader in 14 out of the 15 states and the largest market shareholder of fixed line in all the 14 countries that it operates in (CWC, 2011a). CWC provides mobile and mobile data services to 3.7 million customers across its network. The company also has a broadband customer base of 388,000 and a reach of 1.1 million fixed line communications users. Cumulatively, CWC operates in 17 countries and offers the following services; voice services, broadband, texts and mobile intern et (The Guardian, 2014). The company’s impressive financial performance has further been underlined by its 2014/13 financial gains compared to the results of 2013/12. The operating cost of CWC was US $ 763m, representing a 5 % decrease compared to 806m for the year 2013/12 (CWC, 2014e). The company further adjusted its shareholders earnings per share to reflect the growth and performance of the company. The earnings per share increased by 73 % compared to 2013/12 earnings. However, the company reported operating cash flow of US $ of 302m for the financial year 2014/13, a decrease of 5 %. The revenue generated by CWC products and services for the period 2014/13 was US $ 1.873 billion (CWC, 2014e). The company impressively managed to surpass its budgeted targets

Amazons Distribution Strategy

Amazons Distribution Strategy Introduction While taking a decision on the design of supply chain, companies should focus on its strategy, decision on operations and most importantly, proper planning. In a company, based on the needs of the customer and design of the systems, flow of supply chain management varies. While designing, reviewing constantly at different stages also helps companies differentiate various processes in their supply chain. Amazon.com is an e-commerce company with its presence worldwide and headquartered in Seattle, United States. Amazon.com, in its early days dealt only with Books but later on it diversified into a lot of other product lines like Video Games, Electronics, Toys, Jewellery, Furniture, MP#s, DVDs among other products. Today they are a huge $75 billion organization with a very diverse product portfolio and successful operations round the globe. The new Kindle Fire Tablet computer is one of their latest notable product and their Cloud Computing business is one of the industry leaders. Going by the revenue, growth and market capitalization, Amazon is the 4th most successful start-up of all times. Jeff Bezos started this amazing company in 1994 with the intention of â€Å"Get Big Fast†. This strategy was a brilliant one for the company in US as they were able to function with a competitive lead time for delivery after the orders were placed. Now this strategy was also put in place for the expansion in Europe. Not only were the European markets culturally different from US but also the market conditions and the consumer behaviour expectations different from a consumer in US. The challenges here were very dissimilar to the operational challenges in US in terms of transportation, stocking and distribution. The report will look into the challenges that Amazon faced in Europe and the operational/supply chain decisions they had make to overcome those challenges, also, â€Å"How has globalization made strategic fit even more important to company’s success†. The recommendations/ analysis are based on the concept of centralization of the distribution across a full continent and the concepts taught in the class. AMAZON US â€Å"Earth’s Biggest Bookstore† Amazon used the Internet to change the business of buying books into a very fast, easy and enjoyable shopping experience. Amazon has more than 2.5 million different book titles in its kitty and is very rightly called the â€Å"Earth’s Biggest Bookstore†. From the very beginning, Amazon always kept the wholesalers and the publishers on their side which thereby allowed them to keep a very truncated inventory and low inventory holding costs. These tie-ups with wholesalers and publishing houses not only allowed Amazon to reduce costs on warehousing but also get huge bulk discounts, for example From a publishing house Amazon used to get a discount of approximately 48% and around 41% from the wholesalers) Amazon had a general lead time for delivery of 4 to 7 business days across the whole country of United States. Amazon developed its infrastructure hugely in the late 90’s and eventually launched their Music and Video businesses also. The idea was to â€Å"Get Big Fast† through diversification and geographic expansion by having more distribution centres in their business geography. Some would say that the expansion of Amazon was the fastest expansion experienced by any company for its distribution capacity. Expanding and making distribution was the first step, next step was to figure out which distribution centre will carry which all products, given the fact that Amazon not only expanded in distribution capacity across geographies but also in terms of the product lines in its product portfolio. The 3 aspects of deciding the products to be carried by a distribution centre are: Amazon employed a lot of systems to enhance their operation efficiency. The ones which were the most impressive and successful are: Pick-To-Light System Radio Frequency Technology Voice Technology Pick Profiles Amazon Standard Identifying Number (ASIN) Performance measuring key metrics As Jeff Wilke, the Vice President of Operations at Amazon said about what Amazon had, Amazon quickly adapted to the Six Sigma DMAIC reviews as a tool to reduce variations and defects in its distribution centres. Jeff Wilke’s team followed 5 strategies to improve inventory management Better forecasting of customer demand by improving the ability of the software by refining it to the tune of better anticipation of the demands, both seasonal and regional. This made sure that risk of buying either too much or too less was reduced. Better relations with the wholesalers and direct vendors to cater to any sudden surge in demand for any particular bestselling book title. This was also used to get some needed momentum for the slow velocity titles. Available-to-Promise Functionality: Amazon integrated the supply chain management systems of its suppliers with its own thereby getting a synergy in the process. Now amazon was able to tell its customers the exact time frame in which it could deliver the products to them. For example, if a product is available with the Amazon distribution centre themselves, then the lead time for the delivery of the product was within 24 hours. But if the product was not available with the Amazon DC then the lead time for delivery increased to 2 – 3 business days. This allowed Amazon to have the information about the inventory of the suppliers at all times at the very item level. Cascading Buying Rules: These rules by Amazon determined which supplier was the best fit for which product in terms of the price and the options for delivery such that if the item is not available with the supplier giving the best price then the next supplier in cascade will be selected for the delivery. Drop Ship Orders: Amazon took some time to adopt this strategy which they should have adopted in the very beginning. According to Drop Ship strategy, whenever the customer orders an item and the distribution centre of Amazon does not have the product then Amazon places the order on its supplier. Then instead of the supplier shipping the item to Amazon DC and then the Amazon DC shipping the item to the customer, the supplier directly ships the item to the customer, thereby drastically decreasing the lead time for delivery by removing the unnecessary steps of the supply chain products. In addition to the above mentioned processes and strategies, Amazon also used method called â€Å"Postal Injection† or â€Å"Zone Skipping†. In this method, the fully loaded truck from the distribution centre directly goes to the major cities, easily bypassing the postal service’s sorting hubs where the delivery packets are sorted according to the respective cities and states. AMAZON EUROPE The initial targets for Amazon were UK and Germany, primarily because both these countries were the prime markets for book selling and online purchasing in the continent of Europe. Germany had an excess of 2000 publishing houses and UK had an excess of 3000 publishing houses. Amazon made an acquisition in Europe by acquiring Bookpages and TeleBuch in UK and Germany respectively. Again, in line with the idea followed in US, Amazon Europe wanted to â€Å"Get Big Fast†. Both the UK Amazon.co.uk and German Amazon.de increased their product portfolios by integrating the music and video businesses along with the books business at the very offset of the culmination of the respective expansions in the two countries. Even though the competition from the online bookstores of the respective countries was fierce, Amazon was successful in becoming the market leader in both the countries. The combined sales of the 2 countries crossed the 10% of the total Amazon revenue mark, signifying the epic success of the geographic expansion. The next venture was in France. When Amazon entered UK and Germany they did it through acquisitions, however when they entered France they did not acquire any established company, instead they got the business up and running from the scratch. The formula was simple here too, â€Å"Get Big Fast†, which is why the business started with the complete portfolio of books, music, video, toys, et al. Growth in International sales for Amazon grew by 74%, which in turn helped the European business to cross the 13.4% of the total Amazon revenue mark. Challenges in replicating amazon’s US model in EUROPE Although Amazon was doing well in Europe but the ambition was high as they had the intention to repeat the success of Amazon US in Europe too. However they were confronted with some heavy challenges from the European markets. These challenges could be tackled but to do that they required some radical change in the strategies that Amazon applied and adopted in US. The 4 main challenges were: Selling regulations in Germany France The prices of the books being sold in Germany France were fixed. No discounts could be offered on those prices. The selling model for Amazon in US was to offer discounts on the prices of the books, which they got from the wholesalers and publishing houses. Over here they could not provide those discounts that they got on the bulk purchases from the wholesalers and publishing houses. Payment options In Europe, more than 62% of the customers used cheques to make the purchases. The core competency of Amazon was online retail which meant online purchasing via credit cards. This came as a major challenge to Amazon as they did not have any brick or mortar store where the concept of payment through cheques can happen. Different supply market factors In US, Amazon relied heavily on the suppliers for the books. However in Europe they suffered a setback because of the dearth of wholesalers and big suppliers. In UK although they were able to manage the supply with a handful of suppliers, but in France there were none. This forced Amazon to have tie ups with umpteen number of publishers for the supply of books. Low penetration of EDI in European countries Amazon used EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) to have a communication with the supply chain management of the suppliers in US. This increased the efficiency of their own supply chain tremendously. In case a supplier was having a stock out of a particular item in his inventory, he could respond back in real time to Amazon with a rejection to take the order from customer. This enabled Amazon to immediately send the information back to the customer about the unavailability of the item. This, however, was not much in use in Europe as they still used the concept of emailing and Fax but not any sort of real time data sharing. In addition to the challenges mentioned above there were other challenges too. Amazon relied comprehensively on the national postal services in the respective countries of Europe where they were operating. But they were competitive only in their own countries and not in other countries. This created a challenge for Amazon because they had a lot of shipments which were cross country shipments. Problems Identified Recommendations With the challenges in mind there were a certain number of options for Amazon, which could solve these challenges for Amazon as they go forward and expand more and more into the European market. These recommendations require radical change in the strategy from the one which was followed in United States. Should Amazon Europe build an EDN? Europe as whole is treated as a single entity by amazon. Although they have separate units for separate countries, the parent company, Amazon, thinks of it as a single market. Therefore they intend to have a EDN (European Distribution Network). As per this concept, the entire Europe will have a single distribution network not separate distribution networks of individual countries. This is a massive step because Europe as a market is huge in size and very fragmented. But we suggest that a single EDN will be much more beneficial and the reason for that are mentioned in the bullet points below: Operating independent units is much more expensive than a single unit EDN implementation ensures uniform product offerings in each country which in turn will help in the consolidation of the business across the entire continent EDN implementation ensures procurement department centralizes purchases, and avails higher volume discounts as this is the prime strategy on which Amazon grows and thrives In case of system failures, EDN implementation reduces risk of relying on single DCs, making sure that the plan B for every failure is in place Hence implementation of EDN is a logical choice. Should Amazon use a single centralized DC or keep the existing 3 DCs and let them share orders? Another major problem for Amazon is to figure out whether or not to have multiple individual DCs or have just a single unified Distribution Centre at a strategic location. This problem is in line with the strategy for the implementation of EDN in Europe. We suggest that they should integrate Amazon’s European operations as a whole and accept it as a single market. With that in mind they should follow the following steps to achieve this target, How to sustain customer satisfaction after implementation of EDN? A major drawback for EDN is that this will cause a serious impact on the customer satisfaction levels. This is primarily because the customers who are used to getting their items delivered free of cost in very less time due to the distribution centre being in that country itself will have to either pay to get the item delivered in less time or get the item delivered in a longer time. All in all the lead time for delivery will increase and only additional cost for the customer can decrease that. To improve customer service Amazon must follow the following steps, Should the French Distribution Centre be left operational? This problem is a slightly tricky one as this requires Amazon to decide on whether or not to cut off an important limb from their body. Since the operational usage of French Distribution Centre will be redundant, is it viable to keep it running or remove it from the unified distribution network of Europe? This question can have multiple answers and no answer is possibly entirely correct. However we suggest that Amazon should not immediately close the French DC but gradually phase it out of the distribution network. During the expansion phase of Amazon into the rest of the Europe this DC can act as a support for the newer countries where Amazon wishes to venture in the European Distribution Network. Immediate disposition of this DC is not a viable option as this will cause a lot of complexities for the entire EDN. Since this DC will have some competencies and must be having some items which are solely kept in the inventory at this DC itself, this Dc will serve its purpose for some more time. The best option is to decommission the French DC in a phased manner over a period of time. How to detect demand trends, especially for fast moving items, if European level buying is consolidated? The only way to make sure that the inventory levels in a distribution centre is at an optimum level is through better forecasting. Making sure that the replenishment in a warehouse is done at proper interval in adequate quantities is by having an accurate information about the demand in future. Demand estimation is the backbone for any supply chain management system. Proper implementation and information processing through ERP is the method used by the most successful companies in the world. ERP helps improve the planning for the supply chain, both inbound and outbound aspect of it. Besides that money saved through the cost cutting initiatives should be invested to develop the supply chain, logistics and distribution characteristics of the EDN. In addition to that, it is very important to capture the easy wins first and get a hold of the market. It is very critical for Amazon to have standardization and build synergies across the divisions in Europe. To do that it is important that Amazon defines and implements comparable metrics (for example vendor lead time) across the European countries to develop enhanced understandings of their operational activities References Childerhouse, P, Towill, D 2011, Arcs of supply chain integration, International Journal Of Production Research, 49, 24, pp. 7441-7468 Forbes.com 2011. Why Amazon Is The Best Strategic Player In Tech. Retrieved February 27, 2014 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/venkateshrao/2011/12/14/the-amazon-playbook/2/ Joseph Bonney 2012. Amazons Supply Chain: Delivering Clicks and Bricks. Journal of Commerce. Retrieved February 28, 2014 from https://www.joc.com/economy-watch/amazons-supply-chain-delivering-clicks-and-bricks_20120130.html?qt-webcasts_podcasts_whitepapers=0 Knowledge @ Wharton 2009, November. Fit for the Holidays: Amazon Is Shaping Up and Shipping Out. Retrieved February 27, 2014 from http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/fit-for-the-holidays-amazon-is-shaping-up-and-shipping-out/ Lichocik, G, Sadowski, A 2013, EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT. STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL APPROACH, Logforum, 9, 2, pp. 119-125 Mark Brohan. InternetRetailer.com 2010. Amazon’s secret European weapon: Square footage. Retrieved February 28, 2014 from http://www.internetretailer.com/2010/08/31/amazons-secret-european-weapon-square-footage Modern Materials Handling 2012, December 14. Supply chain: Amazon is changing the rules of the game. Retrieved February 27, 2014 from http://www.mmh.com/article/supply_chain_amazon_is_changing_the_rules_of_the_game MWPL. Amazon Global Fulfilment Center Network. Retrieved February 28, 2014 from http://www.mwpvl.com/html/amazon_com.html Roh, J, Hong, P, Min, H 2014, Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms, International Journal Of Production Economics, 147, Part B, pp. 198-210 Viswanadham, N, Samvedi, A 2013, Supplier selection based on supply chain ecosystem, performance and risk criteria, International Journal Of Production Research, 51, 21, pp. 6484-6498

DNA Profiling Techniques in Forensic Science Essay

Abstract Since 1985, DNA profiling in forensic science has become very important in this virtual era of technology and in the world of science that solves both major and minor crimes. Small traces of DNA are considered in all circumstances from how the DNA was collected to fully obtaining the profile in its significant form. Traces of sweat, blood and semen are the most common type’s evidence found at crime scenes. There are several different methods for creating a DNA profile such as STR (Short Tandem Repeat), PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), Y chromosome analysis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) analysis. All these types of methods are able to extract DNA from a chosen sample taken from a crime scene. DNA profiling is the information of how a sample is processed and analysed and a DNA profile must be created by collecting and analysing VNTR’s (Variable Number Tandem Repeats), these are unique sequences on the loci which is an area on chromosomes. Most DNA sequences in different people look too similar to tell apart whereas VNTR result in bands that are unique enough for identification of individuals. Introduction DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in almost all living organisms. In 1953 researchers J. Watson and F. Crick saw the structure of DNA. DNA consists of two long strands that are built up chain like, each consisting four nucleotide subunits, attached to a sugar phosphate backbone. Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are bases that are arranged pairwise in the middle of the DNA stand. The nucleotides are covalently linked together, from which the bases A and T, G and C bind by a hydrogen bond (Bray et al 2010: 173). Figure 1 shows the order of the bases, which determine the biological information available for building, and maintaining an organism, the sugar phosphate group molecules form the vertical side piece and the base pairs form a ring shape to create a spiral called a double helix. The two backbone chains run in opposite directions, this is specific for base to base bonding which allows this genetic information contained in DNA to be copied accurately from one generation of cells to the next. Figure 1 – DNA By Jaspreet (Bray et al 2012) There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans inherited from our parents, with each parent contributing one half of each pair. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, 22 pairs are autosomes and the last pair is a sex chromosome fig 2 shows this. Autosomes are chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes; they are individual which means that each person has a DNA profile as unique as a fingerprint. No two DNA profiles or fingerprints can be the same due to the combination of marker sizes found in each person makes up his/her unique genetic profile. When determining the relationship between two individuals, their genetic profiles are compared to see if they share the same inheritance patterns at a conclusive rate. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of each cell and consist of long DNA strands where they are tightly packed and coiled around specific proteins called histones, which are looped and fixed to specific regions of the chromosome. There are 5 different kinds of histones (H1, H2A H2B, H3 and H4); they all bind to DNA to form chromatin in the nucleus during cell division where the chromatin condenses into visible structures that are the chromosomes itself. The DNA wrapped around each histone core is 200bp (base pair) long. Histones can be purified from DNA as H2A and H2B stick together as do H3 and H4 therefore making 8 proteins in each histone core with DNA wrapped is called a nucleosome which is 10nm (nano meter) fibre thickness, H1 is not part of the histone core as it binds to the nucleosome to give an even more structure to the chromatin and waits for the next interaction to take place. Fig 2 – 23 pairs of Chromosomes DNA is specific to its kind where identical twins are formed when a fertilised egg splits into two and develop into a full embryo. Identical twins will have the same genes making them alike in everything controlled by the genes itself. Although they have different phenotypes the DNA itself is expressed in different ways too. If identical twins are raised in different environments and stimuli they can develop some changes such as a genotype for a particular weight and height but this can only happen if they have enough food or a genotype for a potential IQ but again this will rely on the education and the right kind of stimulus received for that individual. Variation within humans result in the genes inherited from your parents and the environment you live in. (David Wright, 2000: 162) Main Body The techniques for identification of DNA profiling only need just a small amount of DNA but in some methods a larger amount is needed. DNA profiling is carried out when human biological fluid or human tissue is found at crime scenes and is used for evidence to link or exclude a possible suspect from the scene. DNA profiling can only be used if there is enough DNA within the sample taken and is only useful for comparing the samples. Samples taken can be compared to a national database of DNA profiling where there are over 700,000 samples in the UK national database alone. When there is a match, the two samples may have originated from the same person but before DNA can be profiled, it must be extracted from the sample in any of the following analysis depending on what the sample is and how much of it you have. One of the first techniques that were adapted for forensic DNA profiling was Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) where this kind of analysis determines variation in the length of a single DNA fragment. If two samples originate from different sources, RFLP can differentiate them using fewer loci than other systems. RFLP can determine whether a single sample contains DNA from more than one person but this can only happen if there is a large amount of greater quality DNA, this technique is stated to be ‘laborious and difficult to automate’ (Rudin and Inman. 2002: 41) (2). Fig 3 shows the RFLP process. Fig 3 – RFLP by Jaspreet (Botstein 2012) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a process where a specific region of DNA is replicated over and over again to make copies of a particular sequence. Fig 4 shows the process which involves the heating and cooling of samples in a thermal cycle pattern of three steps denaturation, annealing and elongation. The strands get separated and bind to primers (fig 5), which are pieces of DNA so that they attach to the DNA at each end of the region for it to be copied. PCR is very sensitive and effective in many ways in the use of forensic science. PCR only needs a small amount of blood compared to RFLP needs about a quarter. Fig 4 – PCR by Jaspreet (Prof Santiago 2012) The primers used in PCR define the region of the genome that will be analysed. Primers are short pieces of DNA that anneal to the template molecule at either end of the specific region Fig 5 illustrates this. For a forensic PCR analysis the primers must bind to the regions of the DNA sequence to effectively amplify the human DNA while at the same time taking precautions not binding DNA to any other species. (Goodwin et al, 2007) Fig 5 – Primers binding to the DNA strand which is known as the annealing stage. By Jaspreet (Davidson 2012) Short Tandem Repeat (STR) technology is a forensic analysis that evaluates specific regions, loci that are found on a DNA strand. STR is when the repeat units are shorter and each loci can be used simultaneously of two to six bases long. STR regions are analysed for forensic testing between one DNA profiles to another. The purpose of having a core set of STR loci (13 set loci) is to ensure that all forensic laboratories can get the DNA from databases and share valuable forensic information. STR’s does have some limitations on sensitivity where it will work on degraded DNA samples such as damaged body tissue or bone destroyed by fire but sometimes there just isn’t enough sample to be tested giving no results at all for example aged bone. To test even smaller sample of DNA currently mtDNA is the choice of technique. (Gill et al, 2001) Mitochondria produce 90% of a cell’s energy, and contain their own genomes in the form of a double-stranded circular molecule known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA is important for finding missing person’s investigations, mass disasters, and other forensic investigations. MtDNA is valuable for determining DNA recovered from damaged, degraded, or very small biological samples that techniques such as STR cannot extract with small amounts of DNA. MtDNA is a small circular genome located in the mitochondria, which are located outside of a cell’s nucleus. Fig 6 illustrates this. There are two properties of mtDNA: high copy number and maternal inheritance. Samples such as hair, bone and teeth can be used to examine common ancestry between individuals. Maternal inheritance such as grandmother, mother and daughter all have statistically the same mtDNA sequence within them as they have been passed on from generation to generation. This can help to find unidentified remains for analysis and comparison of the mtDNA profile to any maternal relative. High copy number is valuable for when the amount of material within the cell is very small for analysis. (Goodwin et al, 2007) Fig 6 – MtDNA by Jaspreet (Ferullo 2012) Y-chromosome analysis targets only the male population of biological samples as they are passed down from father to son unchanged, except when mutations occur. They can also be used to trace family members amongst males only. A reference Y-chromosome profile has to be compared with an unknown sample match for significance, to confirm that the match actually exists. The Y chromosome DNA testing is important in situations where a small amount of male DNA may be recovered in the presence of excess female DNA, such as in sexual assault evidence. Y chromosome analysis can also benefit missing person’s investigations as it extends the range of potential reference samples. Since fathers pass their Y chromosome onto their sons unchanged all males in a paternal lineage will possess a common Y chromosome haplotype. Conclusion DNA profiling technology is constantly evolving where techniques such as PCR, STR and mtDNA and new loci are being discovered and are being used widely around the world to solve crimes globally. From research and experience we know that the technique RFLP requires too much DNA for the process to take place, it also takes longer too this is the reason why forensic scientist do not use this anymore. However, PCR can be used to amplify very small amounts of DNA, usually in 2-3 hours, to the levels required for RFLP analysis. Therefore, more samples can be analyzed in a shorter time. The ability to analyse such small amounts of samples of evidence taken from crime scenes increases the automation and promises faster and more effective results for forensic evidence in court. DNA degradation can be easily identified on an electropherogram where the process can reduce the height of some alleles, making them too low to be recognised from the data. When there are too many samples of DNA degraded it is classed as no results being obtained and can complicate the interpretation of the samples if two or more are similar to each other. Degradation is more likely to occur during the technique of STR as the amplification of specific regions on the DNA strand will not be successful. References Books 1. John M. Butler, 2005, Forensic DNA Typing – Biology, Technology and Genetics of STR Marker. Elsevier Academic Press (USA). 2nd Edition, page 42 and 63. 2. Norah Rudin and Keith Inman, An introduction to Forensic Analysis, 2nd Edition, CRC Press LLC 2002, page 41, 58 3. Alberts Bray et al, 2010, Essential Cell Biology. Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group LLC. 3rd Edition, page 173 4. William Goodwin et al, 2007. An Introduction to Forensic Genetics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Page 41, 71, 127-132 5. David Wright, 2000. Human Physiology and Health. Heinemann Educational Publishers. Page 22, 162. Websites 6. http://www.nij.gov/topics/forensics/evidence/dna/basics/analyzing.htm#mitochondrial – accessed 21st November 2012 at 11.30am 7. http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/Archive/dirnov3/science.html – accessed November 20th, 2012 8. Ferullo, Daniel. 7.342 Powerhouse Rules: The Role of Mitochondria in Human Diseases,Spring 2011. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 29 Nov, 2012). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Journals 9. Gill, P., Sparkes, R. and Tully, G. (2001). DNA Profiling in Forensic Science. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (1), 1-6. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/npg.els.0001001/pdf) – accessed 19th November 2012 10. Renata Jacewicz, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Joanna Rupa-Matysek, Maciej Jedrzejczyk, Mieczysław Komarnicki and Jarosław Berent. 2012. Genetic investigation of biological materials from patients after stem cell transplantation based on autosomal as well as Y-chromosomal markers. Int J Legel Med. (1), 1-4. 11. Andreas Meyerhans, Jean-Pierre Vartanian and Simon Wain-Hobson. (1991). Strand Specific PCR amplification of Low Copy Number DNA. Nucleic Acids Research. 20 (3), 521-523.

Are Entrepreneurs Born or Made Essay

Introduction An entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business by taking on financial risks in hope to make a profit. The word entrepreneur stems from the French word entreprendrà © which means ‘to undertake’. A couple of examples are Lord Alan Sugar and Bill Gates. Lord Sugar is an entrepreneur worth  £800 million. He started by selling car aerials out of a van, he then set up his company, Amstrad which sold affordable hi-fi turntable covers. In 1993 he founded Amsair Executive Aviation with his son Daniel who provide executive and business jet charters. Bill Gates was the world’s first centibillionaire. He began programming aged 13 and continued to gain experience with computing before studying law at Harvard. He spent most of time there programming and created Microsoft. This became the most used computer software in the world. He was CEO up until 2008 and is still a chair in the company. This essay will look at the traits that many entrepreneurs have and see which ones you are born with and which are attainable through education or training allowing anyone to become an entrepreneur. It will conclude arguing that entrepreneurs are made though not all the traits can be improved through training. Traits of Entrepreneurs One trait of entrepreneurs is the need for independence (Brooks 2011). Many entrepreneurs do not want to work for other people and it is this independence that attracts them as they can control their own work and life, it is often a more flexible lifestyle as an entrepreneur can take time off when he wants to. Another trait is the need for fulfilment (Delgado-Garcà ­a et al. 2012). This is believed to be the main drive in entrepreneurs and it isn’t always making money that is the aim. Often their targets are very personal such as becoming international or to employ 100 employees (Brooks 2011). There is also the trait of having an internal locus of control. Being an internal means that you believe you control a broad array of factors in your life (Judge & Bono 2001). An external is the opposite and believes in fate and not being able to control your entire life. These people are less likely to take risks and therefore would make poor entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs need to be self confident. If an entrepreneur isn’t confident in their product or service they are providing then it will be less likely  the entrepreneur will be successful. For investors and shareholders to be confident in the business or business plan then the entrepreneur must be 100% confident in what he is pitching. Entrepreneurs must be innovative also. They must be able to use innovation to create an opportunity. It is a key skill to be able to spot gaps in the market, and take this opportunity to develop a successful business to make money and produce new products. Born or Made? Starting with the first trait independence, independence meaning not wanting to be an employee but be self employed. This is a personal preference which you may be born with and always have a desire to be your own boss. However, this preference may come down to a parent being self employed and seeing him/her having the freedom to take days or afternoons off work and be more flexible may encourage their offspring to be entrepreneurs. The trait of needing fulfilment is one that most people are either born with or not born with. Many people may be happy in a job where they are earning a decent amount and don’t feel the need to try and move up in a company’s hierarchy or leave their job and become an entrepreneur. However, people may not be born with the need for fulfilment but have an idea they genuinely think will succeed and this may encourage them to become more motivated and they will want it to succeed. Overall, the trait of needing fulfilment and achievement is one that can be adopted when older and not necessarily born with. In the case of the internal locus of control, this is something that people may have strong views about and many people make up their own mind about whether they control their own lives or whether fate decides. Education and training is unlikely to change people’s perspective. This perspective is likely to arise from how the person has been brought up, if their parents always told them how fate doesn’t exist then they will probably grow up to believe the same, this means it isn’t something that you are born with (genetic) but is something you may pick up during childhood through the surrounding environment. As shown above confidence is key to being a successful entrepreneur, confidence is something that many people are born with. However, confidence can be built up through therapy or by changing mental attitudes. On the whole, confidence can be made but some people are more naturally confident than others and will need to work less at being that  confident entrepreneur. Innovation is something that is hard to teach and is a trait that you are born with, some people would struggle to come up with ideas and find a gap in the market just as some people are naturally talented at painting and some have to work at it. Innovation is slightly harder to teach that painting however, this is the one trait which would be hard to improve in a person. Conclusion As the above shows many of the traits entrepreneurs need are born with however, they can be improved through education and training later in life. The only one that cannot be improved very easily is innovation. Many people may argue that none of the traits are born with and that they are all developed during childhood and through the environment a person is brought up in. For this reason entrepreneurs are made and many of the traits can be improved to allow a person to become a better entrepreneur. References Billett, M.T. & Qian, Y., 2008. Are Overconfident CEOs Born or Made? Evidence of Self-Attribution Bias from Frequent Acquirers. Management Science, 54(6), pp.1037-1051. Burns, P., 2008. Corporate Entrepreneurship 2nd Edition. Hampshire. Palgrave Macmillan Delgado-Garcà ­a, J.B., Rodrà ­guez-Escudero, A.I. & Martà ­n-Cruz, N., 2012. Influence of Affective Traits on Entrepreneur’s Goals and Satisfaction. Journal of Small Business Management. 50(3), pp.408-428. Judge, T.A. & Bono, J.E., 2001. Relationship of Core Self-Evaluations Traits – Self-Esteem, Generalized Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Emotional Stability – With Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86(1), pp.80-92 Piperopoulos, P.G., 2011. Business Emergence and Growth. Hampshire. Palgrave Macmillan.

Ancient India Vs. Ancient China Essay - 950 Words

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